How to Import Goods From China to Nigeria?

Table of Contents

Pay a supplier in China before you know whether your goods need a SONCAP certificate, a Form M or a Nigerian insurance policy, and the cargo can end up waiting at a Lagos port while storage charges build.

If you are working out how to import goods from China to Nigeria, you can decide whether a cargo agent or a formal import suits your order, prepare the right documents before the goods leave China, and estimate duty, VAT and the full landed cost before you commit.

Key Takeaways

  • A formal import starts with a Form M opened through your bank, followed by a Pre-Arrival Assessment Report (PAAR), which Nigeria Customs requires for all imports before the goods arrive.
  • Import duty follows your product’s HS code under the ECOWAS Common External Tariff bands of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20% or 35%, charged on a value built from the invoice price, insurance and freight.
  • VAT on imports is 7.5%, and since January 1, 2026, it has been collected by the Nigeria Revenue Service instead of Customs.
  • The July 2026 revised import prohibition list has 17 categories, including soaps and detergents in retail packs, cartons, glass bottles over 150 ml and ballpoint pens. Counterfeit goods are banned outright.
  • Cargo dwell time at Nigerian seaports has been reported at around 21 days, so leave time for clearance after the ship arrives.

How to Import Goods From China to Nigeria

Every import from China to Nigeria moves through the same checkpoints: confirm the goods are allowed, buy from a supplier you have checked, decide who will clear the goods in Nigeria, pay, ship, and clear customs. The order matters because several documents have to exist before the cargo reaches a Nigerian port.

  1. Check the product: Identify its HS code, make sure it is not on the prohibition list, and find out whether SON (SONCAP) or NAFDAC regulates it.
  2. Choose where to buy and check the supplier: Compare quotes, confirm the company exists, and approve a sample before you commit to a bulk order.
  3. Pick your route: Decide whether a consolidating cargo agent will move the goods or you will import formally in your own name.
  4. Register and open Form M (formal imports): Get a Tax Identification Number, choose a Nigerian bank as your Authorized Dealer Bank, and open Form M through that bank.
  5. Pay the supplier: Pay through your bank against the Form M, or inside a platform’s protected checkout if you ordered online.
  6. Ship the goods: Book express, air cargo or sea freight based on weight, volume, urgency and any battery or chemical content.
  7. Clear customs: Have the PAAR in place, lodge the declaration yourself or through a licensed customs agent, pay duty and VAT, and get the goods released.
  8. Collect and check the goods: Count and inspect the delivery, then compare what you actually paid with your landed-cost estimate.

For a formal import, Form M can be opened through your Authorized Dealer Bank before the goods arrive, and the PAAR is issued against it. For small orders, the alternative is a consolidating cargo agent, which usually receives goods at a warehouse in China and clears the combined shipment in Nigeria under its own arrangements. Your first decision is therefore the product, because what you buy determines which approvals you need and which route is realistic.

What to Import From China to Nigeria

Start with product groups Nigeria already buys from China in volume, then remove anything that is too heavy for its value, needs an approval you cannot get, or appears on the prohibition list. Demand evidence reduces the guesswork, and the filters stop a good seller from turning into a loss at the port.

China is by far Nigeria’s largest source of imported goods. Nigeria imported goods worth N11.01 trillion from China in the first half of 2026, about 39% of all imports, according to The Punch’s analysis of National Bureau of Statistics data. The leading items from China in that period included equipment for transmitting voice, images or data, solar photovoltaic modules, seeders and planters, herbicides, and excavators. On the Chinese side, China’s 2025 export figures reported by BusinessDay show shipments to Nigeria concentrated in consumer electronics, textiles, construction materials, industrial inputs and heavy machinery.

Use these demand signals as a starting list, then check each group against the approvals and restrictions that apply to it.

Product group Why there is demand What to check before ordering
Phones, telecom and electronic accessories Communication equipment is among the largest imports from China SONCAP certification for regulated electrical goods; air shipping rules for lithium batteries
Solar panels and power equipment Solar photovoltaic modules are a leading import from China SONCAP certification; bulky cartons usually suit sea freight
Farm machinery and agro-inputs Seeders, planters and herbicides are major imports from China Chemical products may fall under NAFDAC; machinery needs volume-based freight quotes
Textiles and apparel Textiles are a large part of China’s exports to Nigeria Second-hand clothing is prohibited; check the HS code of new garments against the prohibition list
Construction materials Construction materials are a large part of China’s exports to Nigeria Bagged cement and corrugated coated steel sheets are on the prohibition list

A product can look cheap in China and still lose money in Nigeria once freight, duty, approvals and exchange-rate moves are added. Before you settle on one item, weigh three filters:

  • Freight against value: Light, compact goods with a decent price per unit absorb shipping costs far better than bulky, low-value items.
  • Approvals: A product that needs SONCAP or NAFDAC approval adds cost and lead time, so budget for that before you compare profit margins.
  • Exchange rate: You pay in dollars or yuan but sell in naira, so leave room for the rate to move between paying the deposit and selling the stock.

Can You Import Your Product Into Nigeria?

Most manufactured goods from China are not on Nigeria’s prohibition list, but check three things before you pay: whether the product’s HS code is on Nigeria’s prohibition list, whether SON or NAFDAC regulates it, and whether any branded goods are genuine and authorized. If the product is on the list, choose another product; if SON or NAFDAC regulates it, build the approval into your timeline.

The trade prohibition list is set by HS code. The revised import prohibition list published by Nigeria Customs in July 2026 covers 17 categories identified by HS code. For buyers sourcing manufactured goods, the relevant entries in the Nigeria Customs revised list are soaps and detergents in retail packs, corrugated paper, paperboard and cartons, hollow glass bottles over 150 ml, corrugated coated steel sheets, ballpoint pens and refills, bagged cement, NPK fertilizers and a list of common medicines. The rest are food items such as frozen poultry, pork and beef, eggs, refined vegetable oils, flavored sugar in retail packs, cocoa products, tomato paste for retail sale and sweetened drinks. Older versions of the list, which some summaries still reproduce, also named footwear, bags and suitcases; the July 2026 revision does not include them.

A separate set of goods is absolutely prohibited. Customs lists all counterfeit or pirated goods and second-hand clothing among items that are absolutely prohibited, according to the U.S. International Trade Administration’s summary of Nigeria’s restricted imports. If a supplier offers branded goods at a steep discount, ask for written authorization from the brand owner before you order.

Most manufactured imports fall under SONCAP. SONCAP is SON’s pre-shipment verification of conformity, and it covers imported goods except food, drugs, medical products other than equipment, chemicals used as raw materials by genuine manufacturers, military equipment, contraband and used products other than vehicles. A Product Certificate is required to open Form M, and the SONCAP Certificate is a mandatory customs clearance document. The SONCAP Import Permit exempts set categories from offshore certification, such as raw materials, packaging and industrial machinery imported by genuine manufacturers, and project-specific, charitable and other non-commercial goods; goods you import to resell fall outside those categories and go through product certification.

Food, drugs, cosmetics, medical devices, chemicals and similar products are regulated by NAFDAC instead, and NAFDAC’s guidelines by product type set out its registration and import permit requirements. These products may need NAFDAC registration or an import permit before they can be cleared.

Small quantities can still fall under SONCAP or the prohibition list, because both are defined by product and HS code rather than by order size.

Check Where to check What to do if it applies
Prohibition list Nigeria Customs revised import prohibition list, by HS code Do not order the product; choose another item
SONCAP Standards Organisation of Nigeria Get a Product Certificate before opening Form M and a SONCAP Certificate for clearance
NAFDAC NAFDAC guidelines for your product type Obtain registration or an import permit before the goods ship
Brand authorization Written authorization from the brand owner Do not import counterfeit or unauthorized branded goods

Which App Can I Use to Import Goods From China to Nigeria?

For Nigerian buyers the choice usually comes down to order size. Alibaba.com suits supplier quotes, custom products and wholesale orders, with buyer protection on orders paid through the platform. 1688 lists domestic wholesale prices but is built for buyers in China. Retail marketplaces such as AliExpress and Taobao can suit samples and small test quantities.

Platform Best suited to Language and payment What to watch
Alibaba.com Supplier quotes, custom products and wholesale orders English; pay through Alibaba.com to keep Trade Assurance Payments made outside the platform lose that protection
1688 Domestic wholesale listings for buyers with a receiving address in China Chinese interface; prices in yuan Nigeria is not among the markets its cross-border page lists
AliExpress and Taobao Samples and small test quantities Retail checkout Check at checkout whether the seller delivers to Nigeria

On Alibaba.com, Trade Assurance covers orders placed and paid through the platform: your payment is held until you receive and confirm the goods, and you can claim a refund if the order does not ship, goes missing or arrives defective. For a closer look at each platform’s strengths and minimums, compare China wholesale websites side by side.

Whichever app you use, do your own supplier verification before you pay. You can confirm a Chinese company’s business registration on China’s National Enterprise Credit Information Publicity System, and a repeatable process for how to find and vet suppliers in China covers samples, capacity and inspections. If you are buying on Alibaba for the first time, read up on whether Alibaba is safe to buy from before sending a deposit.

Does 1688 Ship to Nigeria?

Not without help. 1688 is designed for buyers inside China: 1688’s cross-border page runs in Chinese with prices in yuan, and it lists markets such as Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, Brazil and Mexico, but not Nigeria, so Nigerian buyers usually need a receiving address in China before the goods can be forwarded. That address can belong to a cargo agent, a freight forwarder or a buying agent that consolidates your parcels.

Should You Use a Cargo Agent or Import Directly?

If your order is small, mixed and made up of unregulated goods, often called mini importation in Nigeria, a consolidating cargo agent that quotes per kilogram is usually the simpler route. Once your volume makes sea freight worthwhile, or your goods need SONCAP or NAFDAC approval, importing in your own name with Form M and a licensed customs agent gives you more control over declarations and costs.

Question Consolidated cargo agent Formal import in your name
Suits Small, mixed orders of unregulated goods Larger or repeat orders, and goods that need SONCAP or NAFDAC approval
Who deals with Customs Usually the agent, under its own arrangements; confirm this in writing You, through your bank and a licensed customs agent
Paperwork you handle Supplier invoices and the agent’s booking details TIN, Form M, insurance, product certificates and permits, PAAR
How logistics is billed Often a rate per kilogram that may include clearance Freight, insurance, duty, VAT, port charges and agent fees billed separately
Main risk Unclear liability, and restricted items refused or held Delays and storage charges when documents are late

A cargo agent usually receives your parcels at its warehouse in China, combines them with other customers’ goods, and handles clearance and collection in Nigeria. That convenience comes with less visibility, so it can help to get written answers to these questions before you hand over any goods:

  • Weight: Is the rate charged on actual weight or chargeable weight, and is there a minimum?
  • What is included: Does the rate cover customs duty, VAT and clearance, or are those billed on arrival?
  • Restricted goods: Which items does the agent refuse, such as batteries, liquids or branded goods?
  • Loss and damage: What happens if a carton goes missing or arrives damaged?
  • Collection: Is the rate door to door, or do you collect the goods from the agent, and is delivery within Nigeria extra?

For a formal import, you can appoint a licensed customs agent to handle the declaration, since Nigeria’s customs platform is used by importers and their agents; check that the agent is licensed before you share documents. If a supplier’s minimum order quantity pushes you toward a larger order than you planned, work out the minimum order quantity terms before you choose a route.

How to Pay a Chinese Supplier From Nigeria

Pay a Chinese supplier through a channel that leaves a record and some protection: your bank against a valid Form M for formal imports, or the platform’s own checkout for marketplace orders. Whichever route you use, verify who receives the money and confirm any change to the supplier’s bank details by phone.

Form M is how the Central Bank of Nigeria monitors imports and the use of foreign exchange, so a formal import payment typically goes through your Authorized Dealer Bank against that Form M, as the Nigeria Trade Information Portal describes. Since October 2023 the Central Bank of Nigeria has run a single foreign exchange market with rates set on a willing-buyer, willing-seller basis, and it lifted the foreign exchange restriction that had applied to 43 items.

Payment route When it fits Protection Check before paying
Bank transfer against Form M Formal imports from a supplier you have verified A documented, regulated payment linked to your import The beneficiary name matches the supplier’s registered company
Alibaba.com checkout with Trade Assurance Orders placed on Alibaba.com Payment held until you confirm receipt; refund claims for missing or defective orders The order, specifications and delivery date are recorded on the platform
Agent paying in naira for you Small orders on platforms that need Chinese payment methods Only what the agent agrees to in writing Who receives your money, the exchange rate used, and the refund terms

Trade Assurance only covers orders placed and paid through Alibaba.com, so a supplier asking you to pay outside the platform is also asking you to give up that protection. If a buying agent offers to pay in naira on your behalf, it can be convenient, but ask who the money goes to, which exchange rate applies and how refunds work before you transfer anything.

The most expensive payment mistake is paying the right amount to the wrong account. An email that appears to come from a known supplier with updated bank details is a classic business email compromise scheme, and the FBI’s advice is to look up the company’s phone number yourself and call to confirm the request.

What Is the Cheapest Way to Ship Something From China to Nigeria?

For samples and small, light parcels, express or air cargo priced per kilogram usually costs less in total. As the shipment grows, sea freight priced by volume usually costs far less per unit, as long as you can wait longer for the goods and budget for port clearance in Nigeria.

Method How it is usually charged Best suited to Watch for
Express courier Per kilogram, per parcel Samples and urgent small parcels Battery restrictions and import charges on arrival
Air cargo Per kilogram of chargeable weight Small to medium orders of light, higher-value goods Light but bulky cartons billed on volume
Sea freight (LCL) Per cubic meter Orders too heavy or bulky to fly Port dwell time and storage after arrival
Sea freight (FCL) Per container Large or repeat orders Container release and storage charges at the port

Air cargo is usually priced on chargeable weight, which is the greater of the actual weight and the volumetric weight, so light but bulky goods can cost more to fly than their scale weight suggests. Freight rates on the China to Lagos route can change quickly, so compare quotes for the same cargo dated within the same week.

Lithium batteries need extra planning. Batteries can be carried by air depending on their configuration and watt-hour rating, under the IATA Dangerous Goods Regulations, which require shippers to declare hazardous goods, so phones and power banks often need a carrier that accepts them and the right paperwork before they fly.

The crossover between air and sea depends on your own quotes, but a worked example shows how it moves. Suppose an air cargo rate of $8 per kg all-in (modeled), a sea LCL rate of $180 per cubic meter with a 1 cubic meter minimum (modeled), $300 of fixed sea shipment charges (modeled), and goods that weigh 150 kg per cubic meter (modeled).

Shipment Air cargo cost Sea LCL cost
30 kg, 0.2 cubic meters (modeled) $240 (modeled) $480 (modeled)
150 kg, 1 cubic meter (modeled) $1,200 (modeled) $480 (modeled)
600 kg, 4 cubic meters (modeled) $4,800 (modeled) $1,020 (modeled)

With these inputs, sea freight becomes the lower-cost option once a shipment passes about 60 kg (modeled). Replace each input with the rates on your own quotes, and add the extra weeks at sea and at the port before deciding whether the saving is worth the wait.

How Long Does Shipping From China to Nigeria Take?

How long shipping from China to Nigeria takes depends on three stages: preparing and consolidating the goods in China, the transit time by air or sea, and clearance in Nigeria. The Nigerian port stage is often the least predictable. Cargo dwell time at Nigerian seaports, measured from the ship’s arrival to the container leaving the port, is reportedly around 21 days, against a Nigerian Shippers’ Council target of seven days, TheCable reported in February 2026.

Sea cargo for Lagos typically arrives through the Lagos Port Complex at Apapa or Tin Can Island. Nigeria inspects imports on arrival rather than before shipment, which the U.S. International Trade Administration links to clearance delays. Air shipments avoid the port queue but still pass through customs at the airport.

Production and consolidation in China add their own days before anything ships, especially when goods come from several suppliers. For the general reasons delays build up, see how long shipping from China takes by method.

What Documents Do You Need to Import Goods Into Nigeria?

A formal import needs you registered as an importer first, then a set of documents that starts with your supplier in China and ends with Nigeria Customs. Many of them have to be ready before the goods ship, because Form M and the PAAR depend on them.

According to Nigeria Customs, you need a Tax Identification Number (TIN) and a Nigerian bank to act as your Authorized Dealer Bank before your first import. The TIN comes from the Nigeria Revenue Service, the tax authority previously known as the Federal Inland Revenue Service. Product approvals such as SONCAP certificates or NAFDAC permits may apply on top of that registration.

To clear goods, the Nigeria Customs Service FAQ lists a bill of lading, commercial invoice, exit note, completed Form M, entry declaration, packing list, single goods declaration and product certificate. Nigeria also requires imported goods to be insured with a Nigerian insurance company, and the Form M records that policy.

Document Who provides it When you need it Why it matters
Proforma and commercial invoice Your supplier in China Proforma invoice to open Form M; commercial invoice at clearance Customs values the goods from the invoice price, insurance and freight
Insurance policy A Nigerian insurer registered with NAICOM When opening Form M The Form M takes the insured value from the policy
SONCAP Product Certificate SON, through an accredited certification firm Before opening Form M, for SONCAP-regulated goods Form M cannot be opened for regulated goods without it
NAFDAC registration or import permit NAFDAC Before the goods ship, for NAFDAC-regulated products It is listed among the documents for Form M on regulated products
Form M Your Authorized Dealer Bank Before the goods arrive It is the basis for the PAAR and for paying your supplier
Bill of lading or air waybill The carrier or forwarder At clearance It shows what was shipped and who can collect it
Packing list Your supplier At clearance It lets Customs check cartons and contents against the invoice
PAAR Nigeria Customs Before the goods arrive It is mandatory for all imports
SONCAP Certificate SON At clearance, for SONCAP-regulated goods It is a mandatory customs clearance document

Ask your supplier for the invoice, packing list and any test reports needed for SONCAP before production finishes, since those papers feed Form M and certification. Air shipments that contain lithium batteries may also need dangerous goods paperwork under IATA rules, depending on how the batteries are packed.

How Does Customs Clearance Work in Nigeria?

Clearance in Nigeria runs through Form M, the PAAR, a declaration, duty payment and release, with most steps handled on the Nigeria Trade Portal, the Customs digital platform. You can register and work on the platform as an importer, or give the declaration and port work to a licensed customs agent.

B’Odogwu, the clearance system within Nigeria Customs’ Unified Customs Management System, handles Form M processing, PAAR issuance and duty assessment and payment, according to the Nigeria Customs B’Odogwu FAQ. It replaced the earlier NICIS II system, and Customs issued the first PAAR on it in April 2025, BusinessDay reported.

  1. Form M is approved: Your Authorized Dealer Bank processes the Form M with your invoice, insurance and any product certificate or permit.
  2. The PAAR is issued: The PAAR is mandatory for all imports into Nigeria and is submitted electronically before the goods arrive, with details of the goods and their value.
  3. The declaration is lodged: You or a licensed customs agent lodge the declaration with the shipping documents once the goods arrive.
  4. Duty and VAT are paid: Customs assesses the duty, and you pay through your bank.
  5. The goods are inspected and released: Nigeria inspects imports on arrival, then releases the goods for collection.

Nigeria’s customs platform is used by importers and their agents, and the Nigeria Customs Service portal describes licensed agents as one of its main user groups. Once the free storage period ends, each extra day at the port adds storage rent, so book the agent and send documents before the ship arrives rather than after.

How Much Is Import Duty in Nigeria?

Import duty in Nigeria depends on your product’s HS code. Under the ECOWAS Common External Tariff, duty is 0%, 5%, 10%, 20% or 35% depending on the product, and it is charged on a customs value built from the invoice price, insurance and freight. VAT and, for some goods, other levies are added on top.

The ECOWAS Common External Tariff puts essential social goods at 0%, goods of primary necessity, raw goods and capital goods at 5%, intermediate goods and inputs at 10%, final consumption goods at 20%, and specific goods for economic development at 35%. Nigeria Customs levies duty on the value of the goods based on invoice price, insurance and freight, and the U.S. International Trade Administration notes that this ad valorem duty is a percentage of the CIF value, payable in naira. Nigeria Customs also offers Advance Rulings, which it presents as a way to make clearance more predictable before your goods arrive.

Charge Rate Charged on Collected by
Import duty 0%, 5%, 10%, 20% or 35% Customs value from invoice price, insurance and freight Nigeria Customs Service, paid through your bank
VAT 7.5% Taxable imported goods Nigeria Revenue Service
Other levies Depends on the goods Set by regulation for specific products, such as vehicles Varies by levy

VAT remains 7.5%, and from January 1, 2026, import VAT has been collected by the Nigeria Revenue Service rather than Customs, according to a Nigerian Tribune report. Other levies may apply depending on the goods, such as the National Automotive Council levy on vehicles, while the 4% Free on Board levy that Customs introduced in August 2025 was suspended by the finance ministry in September 2025, as Reuters reported.

The trade term you agree with your supplier changes how you build that customs value. Incoterms 2020 define which costs and risks the seller covers under CIF, CFR and FOB. Because imports into Nigeria have to be insured with a Nigerian insurer, a CFR or FOB quote can be easier to match to your Form M than a CIF quote that already includes the supplier’s own insurance. For the practical differences, compare FOB vs CIF.

How Much Does It Cost to Import From China to Nigeria?

There is no single percentage for the cost of importing from China to Nigeria. Add the goods, China-side charges, freight and insurance, duty, VAT and any levies, port and terminal charges, the clearing agent’s fee and local delivery, then leave a buffer for the exchange rate.

Work through the costs in this order, because each step feeds the next:

  1. Goods and China-side costs: Product price, samples, packaging and delivery to the consolidation point or port.
  2. Freight and insurance: International shipping plus the Nigerian insurance policy.
  3. Customs value: Invoice price, insurance and freight together.
  4. Duty: The tariff band for your HS code applied to the customs value.
  5. VAT and levies: VAT and any product-specific levies, calculated on the base your clearing agent confirms.
  6. Port, terminal and agent costs: Nigerian Ports Authority charges, terminal charges and the clearing agent’s fee.
  7. Local delivery and exchange-rate buffer: Transport from the port to your store and room for the naira to move.

The Nigerian Ports Authority tariff covers port and terminal charges, including storage rent that can start after a short free period, so late documents raise the landed cost directly.

Here is how the total can build up for 1,000 units of a consumer product in the 20% duty band (modeled). The example assumes VAT is charged on the customs value plus duty (modeled); confirm the base with your clearing agent for your own goods.

Cost item Example amount How it is worked out
Goods $5,000 (modeled) 1,000 units at $5 each (modeled)
Freight $900 (modeled) Sea LCL quote to Lagos (modeled)
Insurance $50 (modeled) Nigerian marine insurance policy (modeled)
Customs value $5,950 (modeled) $5,000 + $900 + $50 (modeled)
Import duty $1,190 (modeled) 20% of $5,950 (modeled)
VAT $535.50 (modeled) 7.5% of $7,140, the customs value plus duty (modeled)
Port charges and clearing agent $600 (modeled) Assumed quote, billed in naira (modeled)
Local delivery $150 (modeled) Port to store (modeled)
Exchange-rate buffer $250 (modeled) 5% of the goods value (modeled)
Landed cost $8,675.50 (modeled) About $8.68 per unit (modeled)

In this example (modeled), the goods are $5,000 of an $8,675.50 landed cost, so everything after the factory price adds about 74% (modeled). Run the same table with your supplier’s price, your freight and insurance quotes and your agent’s fee before you pay a deposit, and compare the per-unit landed cost with the price you can sell at in Nigeria.

Final Thoughts

Hope this helps you plan your first import from China to Nigeria. If you have questions about Form M, SONCAP or choosing a shipping route, feel free to reach out.

We are HiSourcing, based in Yiwu with a 6,000-square-meter warehouse, handling sourcing, consolidation, inspection, and shipping from China. Through our product sourcing service, we can collect the supplier invoices, test reports and origin documents your Form M and SONCAP need, and ship by sea, air or express to a Nigerian port or airport or hand the cargo to your own forwarder. Nigerian clearance, duty and VAT stay with you or your clearing agent, depending on who you appoint.

Not sure whether your order should go through a cargo agent or a formal import? Want a landed-cost estimate before you pay a deposit? Contact us.

References

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